Altered collagen formation and increased delayed-type hypersensitivity have also been reported 9.Īdipocyte depots that exist adjacent to the epidermis have distinct morphology and physiologic characteristics and are termed dermal or subdermal adipose tissue.
#WATERS 2777 SAMPLE MANAGER SKIN#
Moreover, physiologic changes found in obese skin include increased trans-epidermal water loss with lower capacitance, dry, rough textured skin with pronounced erythema and reduced microvascular reactivity. Since diabetes is common in obesity, disorders such as fibroepithelial polyps and acanthosis nigricans also occur in the skin of obese subjects 7, 8. Obesity increases psoriasis 5, which can be ameliorated with weight loss, and cutaneous infections 6. Less attention has been paid to the effects of obesity on the skin. Much attention has focused on the consequences of obesity in the heart, liver and pancreas and other organs in which increased inflammation and oncogenesis become apparent 4. Obesity affects many organs of the body and it is this organ dysfunction that leads to excess mortality and morbidity 3. The prevalence of obesity has doubled since the 1980s and it is now estimated that 600 million adults worldwide are obese 2. Obesity, defined as a body mass index (BMI) greater than 30 kg/m 2 1, has become a major epidemic in industrial and emerging countries. The results from this preliminary study may explain the functional changes found in the skin of obese subjects and African Americans. African Americans showed markedly lower expression of the gene encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator characteristic of the disease cystic fibrosis. In obese African Americans, compared to obese European Americans, we observed altered gene expression that may explain known differences in water content and stress response. African American subjects differed from European Americans with a trend to increased epidermal thickening. There were no changes in skin microbiota or metabolites.
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In the obese, many gene expression pathways were broadly downregulated and subdermal fat showed pronounced inflammation. Epidermal thickness did not differ with obesity but the expression of genes encoding proteins associated with skin blood supply and wound healing were altered. We studied differences in epithelial thickness by histology and gene expression by Affymetrix gene arrays and PCR in the skin of 10 obese (BMI 35–50) and 10 normal weight (BMI 18.5–26.9) postmenopausal women paired by age and ethnicity. Obesity is accompanied by dysfunction of many organs, but effects on the skin have received little attention.
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We studied differences in epithelial thickness by histology and gene expression by Affymetrix gene arrays and PCR in the skin of 10 obese (BMI 35-50) and 10 normal weight (BMI 18.5-26.9) postmenopausal women paired by age and ethnicity.